Видео

Build one with this guide: bit.ly/disco-button

The internal buttons use different resistors than one normally coded with external buttons. You may find this useful learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-circuit-playground-express/circuitpython-digital-in-out Also note how the change impacts when buttons react - press vs release. The content presented is definitely what you want to do with internal buttons but if you see the later lesson on external buttons you’ll note the difference as is mentioned in the above Adafruit doc.

What a kind comment. I appreciate the encouragement. Hack on!

Glad you enjoy it!

Hey! You're this week's sticker winner. If you would like a "Make Something Awesome" sticker, DM or E-mail me (I'm easy to find online) with a postal address & I'd be happy to send one out, free of charge. Thanks for the comments - it helps the channel. Cheers!

@@profgallaugher Sent you a message. Thank you!

Thanks!

No problem - you can use the code with any IDE. You'll see me use PyCharm's Terminal with Tio running. Many folks also use Mu, as well. The circuitpython-stubs should definitely be in PyCharm. Were you able to install the circup software in the prior lesson? You can do that from PyCharm's terminal, as well - shouldn't have to get into Windows Terminal. In fact, that's likely recommended. My guess is that if PyCharm didn't show up, pip3 wasn't installed, but unsure. Again, no need to work with PyCharm, but if you happen to find out what issue you faced, due LMK. I'll have students in class in the coming weeks so it's always good for me to be armed with additional advice. FYI: Adafruit has some GREAT support on their Discord forum. Sometimes someone will come at a problem assuming prior work, but I sometimes say "explain it to me like I know nothing - including key terms & their meaning" and most get it. Also: do know the reason I chose PyCharm is that code completion & error correction is really good with that software. Once again, welcome & have fun!

@@profgallaugher Yes circup installed and worked great. tio was installed just fine as well. I already have pip3 on my machine. Pycharm installed as well. I am on a Macbook so it is not a Windows issue. I do have several versions of Python on my Mac (3.9, 3.10 and 3.12) so I am wondering if that is what is wrong. I could not find the circuitpython-stubs package when I selected either of the installed versions in the "python interpreter" dialog box in Pycharm: version 3.9, or 3.12. 3.10 did not show in Pycharm. Maybe I will give it another try today.

@@profgallaugher OK - tried going through the steps again and this time it worked! Not sure what I missed before ...

So glad it worked out! Wish it was clearer what tripped you up, but trying again can often solve the problem :) Good luck & keep hacking!

Sure thing - It's in the Description of this video.

So glad you got the Bootloader set up. You are likely right - old stock. The Adafruit stuff I’ve gotten has always been very current. Also note that the Adafruit Discord is really good. Do let folks know you are a newbie. Even though I’m a PhD I sometimes say “describe it to me like I’m an inexperienced middle-schooler who knows none of the terms or concepts”. Hope you like the rest of the lessons. Many more to come. Cheers!

I’ve found this a bit inconsistent, too, but it always seems to come up. Restarting the Mac or iPhone and the device often works. Some have suggested if the device comes up in Mac or iOS Bluetooth settings to highlight it and then go to the info icon and forget the device, then restarting and reconnecting. I’ve found the Mac app as the most reliable. Being able to work with the Bluefruit app is a big plus. You should find working with WiFi on the pico w much more reliable. The folks on the Adafruit discord should also hear about any issues you are facing as they are keen to address anything they can uncover. Cheers.

Glad you enjoyed this. Keep hacking! More updates on SwiftUI coming soon. Am currently updating my CircuitPython course, but will absolutely be doing more with SwiftUI in the coming weeks.

Drop some knowledge, Homie. What are your reasons why? What are the consequences? Share on!

Yes, CircUp won't add files that are beyond the CircuitPython version you're using. And if you look at the output, you should see if a newer version of CircuitPython is available, so you can go get that from CircuitPython.org and install it on your board, then return to CircUp and upgrade if you'd like. Small updates usually aren't critical, but I try to keep my boards fairly current.

You definitely do NOT want to use the run command in PyCharm. This is great for running code on your computer - which you would do if you were learning Python for data analysis or web development, but here we absolutely want to run the code on the CIRCUITPY board, so we ignore the "Run" command in PyCharm. In fact, once we start doing things outside of the simple print statement, that Run command will give you errors, since your computer doesn't have functions supported by CircuitPython, and it lacks hardware that's on your board. Screen can work as an alternative to Tio. Tio was recommended to me because if I unplug my board or press "reset", Tio will try to resume the connection, whereas I believe screen won't automatically re-connect.

For some reason the question about installing CircUp got lost when I released it for publication, but I've posted this comment in the CircUp video for anyone experiencing problems: If anyone runs into problems installing CircUp, try opening the "Terminal" within PyCharm and doing the install from there. You may also need to install / upgrade pip3, as mentioned, but things should work. Also remember you can periodically run this command to upgrade circup: pip3 install --upgrade circup

​@@profgallaugherFor me I'm not seeing the code automatically execute when I do a save (the blue unsaved changes icon goes away but not seeing the execution). I need to press the Green RUN button in the header which then shows me the console output in the run window at the bottom (this works for output & input). It's definitely running on the CPB not locally. Not exactly sure why I'm seeing this but all of this is working without any TIO actions completed in terminal. Still not sure if what I'm seeing for console I/O is going through TIO or due to my screen interactions. Would like to try to get this straightened out. Any hints?

@@profgallaugher I tried installing Circup via the PyCharm terminal and that seems to have worked. I'm now seeing the installed version of 2.0.4 in both the PyCharm terminal and the Mac terminal. Aren't these the same? Isn't PyCharm just calling the standard Mac terminal? Why should there be a difference where the Circup install is executed from? At least it appears to be working now.

This is something I've found out after the fact, but it seems that a PyCharm project might be keeping a separate walled-off area apart from the Terminal. I found that installing CircUp from the Terminal inside PyCharm got things working.

Glad it was helpful!

Glad you think the lessons are fun but I’m not sure I understand the comment. There are lessons but also challenges. You can try the challenges - and should - before watching the solution. The solutions often show a new technique or tip, as well, so even if someone got an answer hopefully there is a tip in there. As a heads up, my students watch these outside of class, then in class I give them more challenges to complete. You are welcome to check out the weekly notes and challenges in the open Google Drive on my website gallaugher.com. The course canvas is closed but the drive is open. This technique is known as “flipped classroom” teaching.

Thanks for letting me know, looking forward to getting started with these this weekend :) I've been making things with Arduino and Micro Python for years, but my programming skills are lacking and getting worse from lack of practice and relying on GPT to write and fix code for me.

You'll find Python MUCH better to work with than C/Arduino. And it's a language that's used in many more modern contexts. C is dying, so I don't bother teaching this to my students. There are only a few performance reasons you'd choose Arduino over Python, and those are getting fewer as processors get faster. I used to take my students to Spice robot restaurant (bought by Sweetgreen), and all of their robotics were run using python. You should also find CircuitPython is more intuitive than Micro Python. And most importantly I find the support from the Adafruit Discord forum is just fantastic.

Thanks for taking the time to write. More updates for the course are coming, soon. I'm currently updating my CircuitPython course, but I'm also teaching SwiftUI this Fall. I wanted to wait a bit for the WWDC24 betas to shake out before diving in. Very kind of you to share a positive word. Good luck with your learning journey!

Found where you posted the link in another video. Thank you for the series

It's possible to upload any file from an iPad to a CIRCUITPY board, but the problem as you say is getting a full IDE that can do things like code completion & error correction. There are web-based IDEs. You might try: urfdvw.github.io/circuitpython-online-ide-2/ which is a project by River Wang. There's also a beta of an Adafruit WebIDE but I haven't done anything with it: learn.adafruit.com/webide/overview I doubt anything will be as robust as you'd get with a computer-based IDE. Good luck!

Hi! In the new series I use PyCharm. You can find install videos for this and circus, which u also use, at the top of bit.ly/circuitpython-tutorials. I’m about 30 lessons into the update but have started with the CircuitPlaygrounds and haven’t gotten to the Pico yet. But you should be able to use the install videos to get set up. Check them out. PyCharm requires a bit more install work but is much better at error flagging and code completion. And circup automates adding and updating libraries. These are going to make things so much easier for my students. Good luck!

Did you follow the “pip3 install circup” around 10:53? Would be really weird that the command wasn’t recognized if the first install happened. Thanks for sharing your fix!

Wow, thank you!

Good question. There is no special reason I didn’t put them in an if elif instead of two if’s. The difference is if it were in an elif then if the first if were true the second would not be evaluated two ifs will evaluate the second if even if the first is true. I don’t have equipment with me as I write this but the only case to consider is if you’d want to deal with simultaneous push but if so if put that in an if/and and treat it as a single condition. Cheers

Could be. Not at my machine to try it, but also, I’ve been teaching SwiftUi for the past two years so there is a chance this older content has a need to be updated. I’ll likely be sticking with SwiftUI, though. You’ll see me refreshing this playlist later this summer as I prep for my Fall class. Cheers bit.ly/prof-g-swiftui

That command suggests Tio was not installed. Try tio -version. Make sure it’s lower case. If you don’t get anything to is not installed. Does the ls command give you that usb number? You want to use the number you get, not mine. Also try restarting your Mac and unplugging and plugging your device back in. If all fails, there is awesome help on Adafruit Discord. adafru.it/discord. Be sure to post your solution. You’ll get it!

@@profgallaugher Thank you very much! I uninstalled everything and started over using this video ruclips.net/video/i7jEa2LyJtk/видео.html I was able to use that video of yours, combined with this one, and the problem has been solved. Thank you very much for your fast response and for making these great videos!

I uninstalled circup and reinstalled it and that fixed the issue

So I assume you have sound this and if doesn’t help learn.adafruit.com/keep-your-circuitpython-libraries-on-devices-up-to-date-with-circup/overview Ask on Adafruit Discord. There are great folks there who will help quickly. And when you have an answer do share what helped. Good luck! adafru.it/discord

@@profgallaugher Thanks! In case it helps others debug I uninstalled circup and reinstalled it, and that fixed the issue.

Glad I could help!

I’m not sure exactly how the processor slices the code but there doesn’t seem to be any delay in executing functions while AudioOut.playing. Calling a function in that loop will execute a function but that called function runs to completion if the audio stops before the function is done. But some sort of processing handoff happens because there is otherwise no delay between the “concurrent” execution of continuous sound play and the called function. For more detail the library code is open source and on GitHub and there are also maintainers on the Adafruit Discord who can likely fill you in on details if you’d like. So glad you are enjoying the course. Cheers.

@@profgallaugher Thank you, I thought there was something bustling behind the curtain; Time to dive into the source code. Now for extra credit: Do you know how Limor got her nickname?

Ada Lovelace is considered "The First Programmer" - you can find out more information here: findingada.com/about/who-was-ada/. We celebrate Ada Lovelace Day as the second day in Oct. each year. I usually have my students do something fun, like this example from my SwiftUI class: ruclips.net/video/IjOvFaJyfL4/видео.html Here is a VERY old video I shared with students years ago that mentions this: ruclips.net/video/IjOvFaJyfL4/видео.html I'm pretty hardcore about promoting diversity in computing. You can find out some ideas here: profgallaugher.substack.com/p/things-all-can-do-to-encourage-diverse

@@profgallaugher I knew you be would right on the money, but I hadn't planned on you being of the same mind as me regarding diversity. The women I worked with in my professional career were always there to save me from myself, but it always bothered me they were in what were called "menial" jobs with much lower pay. I realized a few years ago that I have been a feminist for most of my life. World War 2 was essentially won by the women computers at Bletchley Park, the work of Alan Turing notwithstanding. The list goes on and on... Most of the girls ran rings around me in the Lisp forums on CompuServe. Cheers! (Thanks for the links!!!)

Hi! Here is a document I prepared for my students a couple years back: docs.google.com/document/d/1J-Hmor7f2kaMpyntmG2dNOPeW21igF9wMnYT7VztReQ/edit and here is a more detailed doc from Adafruit learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-circuit-playground-bluefruit/update-bootloader. If you still run into probs, definitely check out their Discord channel. There are very friendly and helpful folks there. Cheers & good luck!

@@profgallaugher That did it! Thank you so much! How do I take your online classes?

Just follow along the videos in order at bit.ly/circuitpython-tutorials. I'm 28 lessons into updating the entire course for Fall. The last time I taught was Spring 23 (I've been on sabbatical this past year). The weekly lessons, challenges, and solutions are at Gallagher.com in the online folder for the course. The other material is behind the firewall because it's university canvas, but the weekly slides & solutions, plus the videos, are really nearly everything we cover, save being together in-person. You should be able to learn everything my students do through all of that. Cheers & tell others!

@@Bestcellmike1 Im so glad you figured this problem out. Im still struggling with it though. Ive tried the Adafruit guide for both the arduino and terminal solutions and then @profgallaugher 's google doc, but Im too inexperienced to be able to figure out what Im doing wrong. My CPB has 0.2.11 as well and Im using Windows 10. I cant make heads or tails of the command line/ terminal instructions. The Adafruit forums basically just validate my feelings, as other much more knowledgeable people have expressed similar frustrations. I havent found much in the way of a solution though, most posts just link back to the learn guide. I literally just downloaded Discord for this exact reason, but all the posts seem to link back to the Adafruit guide. What am I missing? I feel like it must be something obvious but Im too frustrated to see it. Id be very grateful for any pointers.

Yes, Mu seems the easiest to see plotting but there are some more options I’m investigating. TodBot suggested a neat tool but it requires some extra installation and I want to avoid that. If you care to check it out, link is below. I really like PyCharm as a Mu alternative. They are so many common errors students make that Mu will catch or warn about. github.com/hacknus/serial-monitor-rust

Very nice link. Yah i fall back to Mu when things go screw, for a sanity check.

Thanks so much! Glad you enjoyed it. Yes, PyCharm makes a BIG difference in catching simple errors that can trip up anyone but especially newbies, and the code completion is far better. Cheers!

Are you using CircuitPython and not microphone? Those modules are built into CircuitPython. They don’t need to be added to “lib”. So if you installed CircuitPython (earlier lesson) you should be fine. Just use the import statement in your code.

Also make sure you've installed the proper CircuitPython library for your board. For example: Raspberry Pi Pico W if you're using the "W" board, Raspberry Pi Pico for that board. Has that solved you issue? Good luck!

Hi! Yes, you can absolutely choose to change this to all caps if you’d like. The reason you might see this in lowercase snake case is that it “could be” that a program would modify the time interval. So where as BLUE would never change, nor would ONE_SECOND, you might write a program that takes a time_interval and changes it by, say 0.1 seconds up or down if you press A or B. It ultimately is up to you, though. One thing about Python is that there aren’t really constants so all caps is just a stylistic choice. You *can* write code to change BLUE to a non-blue value. As an aside: a language like Swift (that’s the other course I teach) you can actually define a value as an unchanging constant. Swift is a “type safe” language, designed to prevent lots of runtime errors & that kind of enforcement is one way to do that. Hope that helps!

@@profgallaugher Great, thanks for the clarification!

Thx for this! I’ve noticed that CircUp is aggressive in its imports and will often bring in libraries that might not be needed by code.py, but that *could* be used if a library calls another library. So I think it makes pretty broad decisions about imports. The learn guides on Adafruit for given techniques and products often list libraries that need to be used and those are usually a narrower set. If you were creating a project that was really tight on space it might make sense to pull out any libraries guide sure the project code doesn’t need. Do watch the output when running code. Sometimes you have to scroll up to see errors once code runs if your terminal window is not dragged taller. But if you get an error like “undefined <library name>” that likely means a key library is missing and needs to go into the “lib” folder. Also one thing about both CircyitPlaygrounds. They haven an additional optional library set “adafruit_circuitplayground” and there are some things you can do with this library that require less code, but those libraries are specific to those boards and code written calling these libraries wouldn’t work on other boards. So I’ve chosen to avoid them in the course because I want my students to be able to use techniques across all boards. For example, take code written for CiecuitPlaygrounds and run it on a Raspberry Pi Pico W. Most of the time you can do this for course techniques, with just a small tweak (like changing one line where lights are connected on a board). I’ll demo this later lessons when we cover the Pico. One notable exception is sound play. There are three extra lines you need to turn on the internal speaker of CircuitPlayground boards and those three lines don’t work on other boards. You’ll see me cover that in a later lesson, too.

@@profgallaugher Thanks for the reply; I appreciate it! I'm 63 and build props as a hobby, and I'm hoping to learn enough coding to do these things myself rather than rely on a friend or whatever.

Glad you got things setup properly. Good luck hacking!

You’re great! Thanks for this. I’ve been refreshing my CircuitPython course first, but will start the iOS course refresh around Aug. 1. I appreciate the update and I’m sure students will, too. Cheers!

Thanks. My philosophy is to hold new topic introduction until it absolutely needs to be introduced. A course that assumes no prior programming & engineering is a pretty big lift, even for my bright students, so if we don't need to discuss DAC concepts (and why some boards have them & some don't), I've chosen to leave that out. You'll see this approach throughout the course. We don't do a "blink" because it's actually more complex than lighting up an entire set of on-board neopixels, plus it's not really something someone uses in a real project. And we put off discussions of resistors (which is often a first-step in many electronics courses) because we deliberately choose Qwiic/STEMMA-QT that hides lots of complexity & lets students build stuff quickly without having to worry about deeper details. We're covering things like scheduling & IoT in the "Prescription Box" when we finally need a single LED and students have been pretty ramped up with concepts so as not to be intimidated. What I'd actually like to see is a unified sound library from Adafruit that will hide this setup from the user. Audio is likely the least "cross platform" thing we do in CircuitPython, but it's definitely possible to produce libraries that make the right configuration decisions for simple audio output. The CircuitPython team is fantastic & they have a lot on their plate. Unsure if this is something they've got scheduled, but your idea prompts me to reach out & post a suggestion on a git page. Cheers.

I understand your approach, and I'm a big fan of your concise style, but in this video you spent a lot of time describing what you were doing, but not as much as usual on why. Just an extra sentence or two of hardware detail would have, in my opinion, justified the multi-library necessity. Something like, "The CircuitPlayground Express has a built-in audio circuit and can use the AudioOut library directly, whereas the CPBluefruit and Pico require a different technique called PWM which we'll dive into later." As a professor of complicated subjects myself (live audio engineering and design), I thought I'd share some constructive feedback.

I might be able to add this when introducing these concepts in the Raspberry Pi Pico portion of the course. Thanks & best wishes.

You're welcome!

Hi Christopher. I don't use the Community Bundle much. The only time I used it was when I needed a scheduler for Raspberry Pi Pico & it wasn't yet available in CircuitPython. I haven't gotten to updating the "Medications Cabinet" build yet, but if there is an official scheduler library, then I will likely replace the community code with the official one. I'm not sure what is available in terms of examples, etc. You may get a better answer on the Discord community re: this, since there are more folks w/Community Bundle experience there (and likely many who have contributed to it). While I haven't used CircUp with the community bundle, it's referenced in the docs, here, so I imagine that it does work: github.com/adafruit/circup As far as Macs go. About 70-80% of our students use Macs & I teach an iOS class, so that's what I use. The built-in UNIX base has made some things easier. MacBook Air computers are light weight & the Mx chips are powerful. They're regularly upgraded. I'm still using an M1 variant on my computer. My understanding is that some of the new AI stuff might be more RAM intensive, since local LLMs are running locally for privacy concerns, so if you were thinking what to invest more in, I'd consider more RAM, although I don't have any specifics on "what's a good size". There are likely some posts covering this already, somewhere, though. I've been pretty much heads down trying to get the CircuitPython portion of my course revised so I can start on the SwiftUI stuff. I don't have a typical "academic summer" :) Hope that's useful. Cheers!

Thanks so much for your reply. So do you feel the M1 is still a reasonable processor? I really don't need the greatest, would rather save a few $ as long as it works fairly well. I can get a refurbished MacBook Pro M1 10 core CPU/16 core GPU 16G RAM 1TB SSD 14.2 Display for $1300 (excellent condition). That seems reasonable considering the cost of similar specs M2 or M3 MacBook Pros. I know this is over speced for doing development work but I also do video production and lots of other things so I believe this would be good for me. Do you believe the M1 could be at least viable for the next 3-5 years? Really appreciate any guidance. Thank you very much.

Mmm. always tough to make a decision for someone else. I'd hate to say go cheaper & then have you find out that some cool new feature can't run on old stuff. I'd definitely get an M-class machine. Not sure if M1s are still being sold. You can likely get a refurbed one, but the latest iPad came with an M4, so the upgrades are happening fairly quickly. You're likely best able to evaluate the financial pain vs. obsolescence risk quota. I have found that the lifespan of Macs was longer, but I think AI throws a wrench into old experiences since it's so processor & memory intensive, and that some of the models may leverage inference engines on the chips. Sorry I can't make an easy "get this!" recommendation. Good luck!

​@@profgallaugherTotally understand. Thanks for your guidance though. It certainly looks like the M1 should work well for me at least for the next 3-5 years. I don't see anything that I currently do that it shouldn't do at least reasonably quickly. It's not perfect but for the reduced price I think it's worth a shot. I may wait till Prime day later this week to see if I can possibly shave off a couple more hundred. Thanks again.

@@profgallaugher Having some trouble getting Circup installed. I get to your 'pip3 install circup' cmd and this ends with the following: Installing collected packages: appdirs, urllib3, toml, semver, idna, findimports, Click, charset-normalizer, certifi, requests, update-checker, circup Successfully installed Click-8.1.7 appdirs-1.4.4 certifi-2024.7.4 charset-normalizer-3.3.2 circup-2.0.4 findimports-2.5.0 idna-3.7 requests-2.32.3 semver-3.0.2 toml-0.10.2 update-checker-0.18.0 urllib3-2.2.2 But I'm NOT seeing the 'successfully installed circup' message. And if I try to run a version command on circup, it says 'zsh: command not found: circup'. And, of course, the 'circup install -a' fails to run. What am I doing wrong? Appreciate any guidance.